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Source: www.measurements.iitm.ac.in
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Short Desciption:
In this thesis, novel signal conditioning circuits suitable for push-pull type of
resistive and capacitive transducers are discussed and their performance analysed. With
suitable alterations, these circuits are transformed into direct resistance / capacitance to
digital converters. A relaxation oscillator based signal conditioning circuit suitable for
push-pull type of resistive transducers is initially presented. The duty cycle of the
oscillator output is directly related to the changes in the transducer resistances. Since the
average value of the output of the oscillator is linear with respect to the duty cycle, the
circuit provides a highly linear characteristic even for transducers having an inverse
relationship with the physical input.
Summary:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Transducers and their characteristics, 1
1.2 Signal Conditioning circuits and their properties, 3
1.3 Scope of the present work, 4
2. Signal Conditioning Circuit for Push-pull Type 6
Resistive Transducers
2.1 Push-pull type transducers, 6
2.2 Circuit description and operation, 12
2.3 Error analysis, 14
2.3.1 Inaccuracy due to the finite, unequal switching
resistances, 16
2.3.2 Effect of the difference in switching voltage
levels, 17
2.3.3 Effect of offset voltages, 17
2.3.4 Influence of the delay in switching, 18
2.4 Experimental verification, 20
3. Signal Conditioning Circuit for Push-pull Type 28
Capacitive Transducers
3.1 Capacitive transducers, 28
3.2 Circuit description and operation, 31
3.3 Error analysis, 33
3.3.1 Inaccuracy due to the finite, unequal switching
resistances, 34
3.3.2 Effect of the finite difference in switching
levels, 36
3.3.3 Effect of the offset voltages, 38
3.3.4 Influence of the delay in switching, 38
3.3.5 Effect of stray capacitances, 39
3.4 Experimental verification, 40
6
Measurements Laboratory
IIT Madras
--------------------------------------- 7
4. Direct Digital Converter 46
4.1 Digital interface, 46
4.2 The proposed direct digital converter for a push-pull
type resistive transducer, 48
4.3 Error analysis, 51
4.3.1 Frequency drift of the PLL, 51
4.3.2 Errors in the counters, 52
4.4 Experimental verification, 52
5. Conclusions 56
5.1 Summary of the work reported in the thesis, 56
5.2 Scope for future work, 57
6. References 58
Appendix A 61
Appendix B 64
Appendix C 69
Appendix D 70
Appendix E 71
Curriculum - Vitae 72
7
Measurements Laboratory
IIT Madras
--------------------------------------- 8
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Performance of prototype circuit (resistive) 24
Table 3.1 Performance of prototype circuit (capacitive) 42
Table Performance of the prototype direct digital
converter 55
8
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